Bromo-DragonFLY

Not scheduled at the federal level. The Federal Analogue Act may apply if sold for human consumption due to structural similarities with DOB and 2C-B. Listed as a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Oklahoma.

Bromo-DragonFLY is covered as a benzodifuran phenethylamine by item 13 of Annex II to Decree No. 560/2019. Article 2 of that decree treats substances within Annex II chemical groups as estupefacientes under Article 77 of the Criminal Code. Law No. 23.737 therefore criminalizes unauthorized production, preparation, distribution, and possession of the substance.

Listed under Schedule 9 of the Poisons Standard nationally since February 2009, making possession, production, and sale illegal. Additionally added to Schedule 2 of the Queensland Drugs Misuse Regulation 1987 as of September 9, 2011.⁴²

Bromo-DragonFLY is covered as a phenethylamine-derived new psychoactive substance under Annex II, item 2, of Austria's Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung; the provision expressly covers derivatives bearing benzofuran ring systems. The Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz makes it an offence, when done for gain and for human psychoactive use, to produce, import, export, supply, or procure a substance covered by that class, punishable by up to two years' imprisonment.

Canada placed it in Schedule III of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act effective October 12, 2016, through the broad 2C-phenethylamine entry covering salts, derivatives, isomers, and salts of derivative or isomer forms; that entry applies to compounds with a 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine core.⁹

Banned on December 3, 2007, following recommendations from the Danish Health Ministry. Classified as a dangerous narcotic substance, prohibiting possession, manufacture, importation, supply, and usage.

Classified as an illegal designer drug as of March 12, 2012. Added to the national list of controlled substances.²⁸

Controlled under the Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (New Psychoactive Substances Act) as a derivative of 2-phenethylamine. Production and sale are prohibited; however, possession and import are not penalized when intended solely for personal consumption.

Designated as a controlled substance effective August 19, 2015.

Listed on the Norwegian narcotics list¹¹ and controlled under the 'Derivatbestemmelsen,' an analogue act-type provision that regulates structurally similar compounds.¹¹

Not currently scheduled or controlled under Polish drug legislation.

Bromo-DragonFLY is expressly named in Romania’s current Law 143/2000 Annex Table II, not merely captured by an analogue inference. Articles 1(b)-(c) classify substances in Tables I-II as drugs of high risk; the consolidated ANM text includes the Bromo-dragonfly line and records that the 2010 amendment (OUG No. 6/2010, approved by Law No. 92/2010) is incorporated. For an expressly listed Table II substance, unauthorized operations are prohibited: art. 2(2) covers cultivation, production, manufacture, preparation, offering, sale, distribution, delivery, sending, transport, procurement, purchase, possession and other circulation and provides 5–15 years’ imprisonment plus disqualification from certain rights; art. 3(2) covers unauthorized introduction into/out of Romania and import/export and provides 10–20 years plus disqualification; art. 4(2) covers production or possession for personal consumption and provides 6 months–3 years. Article 22(1) also prohibits consumption of nationally controlled drugs without a prescription. Romania’s Law 194/2011 is a residual framework for products whose legal regime is not otherwise regulated: its ‘substitute’ definition covers an unregulated substance/product capable of psychoactive effects that can replace a narcotic, psychotropic or nationally controlled substance; operations with susceptible products require authorization, and unauthorized operations are penalized under art. 16. Because Bromo-DragonFLY already has an express Law 143 Table II entry, the Law 194 substitute route does not replace or dilute that listing. An unlisted analogue would require a fact-specific Law 194 assessment/authorization process; it is not automatically a Table II substance merely because it is structurally related. The official ANM consolidated PDF states that it includes amendments through Law No. 30/2025 (published 26 March 2025); Law No. 172/2024 (published 31 May 2024) amended Law 194.

Listed as a Schedule IV narcotic substance as of January 3, 2008, under Medical Products Agency regulation LVFS 2007:14. Previously classified as a 'health hazard' on July 15, 2007, under SFS 2007:600, which prohibited sale, purchase, retail, and possession.

The official Turkish National Drug Report reproduces the 2013/5742 decision, which expressly places Bromo-Dragonfly in the 113-substance annex made subject to Law 2313, so it is not merely an analogue or a generic-NPS inference. The 2024 edition of the official Narkotik report, covering 2023, still identifies Law 2313 as part of Turkey's legal framework and describes the continuing Early Warning System process by which NPS are brought under Law 2313; it records 1,045 NPS brought under the law through 31 December 2023. Under the current Justice Ministry text of TCK art. 188, unauthorized manufacture/import/export of a controlled drug carries 20–30 years' imprisonment and 2,000–20,000 days' judicial fine; domestic sale, offering for sale, giving, dispatch, transport, storage, purchase, acceptance or possession carries at least 10 years' imprisonment and 1,000–20,000 days' judicial fine. TCK art. 191 separately provides 2–5 years' imprisonment for purchase, acceptance, possession or use for personal use, with a five-year postponement of public prosecution and supervised release provisions. Which provision applies to possession is fact-specific. The named scheduling makes Bromo-Dragonfly prohibited and subjects production, supply and importation to the stated penalties.

Bromo-DragonFLY is listed as a controlled psychotropic substance in the United Arab Emirates. The federal drug law identifies the substance by its chemical name and the Bromo-DragonFLY name.

The current BetmVV-EDI is dated 13 March 2026; its Annex 6 item 130 is an ellipsis, not a live substance designation. Item 315 instead defines Phenylalkylamine as each substance structurally derived from phenethylamine, unless already in lists a, b, d or f, with the specified alkyl side-chain, phenyl-ring and amino-nitrogen substitution criteria; industrial and scientific use is exempted, but private use is not. PubChem identifies Bromo-DragonFLY as an alpha-methyl phenethylamine or amphetamine-type scaffold bearing bromine and fused furo rings, bringing it within the generic coverage of item 315. The exact name is not separately listed in the current Annex 1 or Annex 6 text; nearby named entries such as Brolamfetamin/DOB, 4-Brom-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamin and 2C-B are distinct substances. Under BetmKV Art. 3(2)(e), Verzeichnis e materials and products are subject to the control measures for Verzeichnis-a narcotics, and Art. 11 requires an operating permit to handle controlled substances. For unauthorized conduct involving a controlled substance, BetmG Art. 19 provides up to three years' imprisonment or a monetary penalty, with a minimum one-year custodial sentence in specified aggravated cases; Art. 19a provides a fine for unauthorized intentional consumption or a personal-use Art. 19 offense, and Art. 19b contains a narrow minor-quantity personal-use rule. Those penalties are conduct- and fact-specific and do not turn the e classification into an unqualified Verzeichnis-d prohibition. Swissmedic's working list is not exhaustive; only the BetmVV-EDI lists are binding.

Bromo-DragonFLY is not named in Schedule 2 to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, whose Class A, Class B and Class C Parts carry no benzodifuran entry and no entry under any of the substance's names.⁵¹ Part I paragraph 1 of that Schedule runs to eight sub-paragraphs, of which (a) and (ba) list named substances and the other six state generic definitions: one for tryptamine derivatives at sub-paragraph (b), two for phenethylamine derivatives at sub-paragraphs (c) and (f), one for fentanyl derivatives at sub-paragraph (d), one for pethidine derivatives at sub-paragraph (e) and one for derivatives of 2-(2-benzyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethanamine at sub-paragraph (ea).⁵¹ Sub-paragraph (b), substituted on 7 January 2015 by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2014, covers any compound structurally derived from tryptamine or from a ring-hydroxy tryptamine "by modification in any of the following ways", the four ways it lists being modifications of that parent's side chain, of its six-membered ring and of the 2-position of its tryptamine ring system, so it reaches only compounds structurally derived from a tryptamine parent and admits no replacement of that parent's ring system.⁵¹ Sub-paragraph (c) covers any compound structurally derived from phenethylamine, an N-alkylphenethylamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine or the other parents it lists "by substitution in the ring to any extent with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy or halide substituents, whether or not further substituted in the ring by one or more other univalent substituents".⁵¹ Sub-paragraph (f), inserted on 10 June 2014 by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014, covers any compound structurally derived from mescaline, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine, N-hydroxytenamphetamine or a compound specified in sub-paragraph (ba) or (c) of that paragraph "by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the amino group with a benzyl substituent, whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring of the benzyl group to any extent", so it reaches only compounds whose amino nitrogen carries a benzyl group.⁵¹ Part II paragraph 1 runs to nine sub-paragraphs and carries more than one generic definition of its own: sub-paragraph (a) lists named substances, sub-paragraph (c) sets out named cannabinoids interleaved with eight formulae each opening "Any compound structurally derived from", and further generic definitions stand at sub-paragraph (aa) for derivatives of 2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanone, (ab) for derivatives of 2-aminopropan-1-one, (ac) for compounds derived from piperidine, pyrrolidine, azepane, morpholine or pyridine by substitution at a ring carbon atom with a diphenylmethyl group, (b) for any 5,5 disubstituted barbituric acid, (ca) for compounds structurally related to 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, (d) for derivatives of 1-phenylcyclohexylamine and 2-amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone and (e) for benzofuran derivatives.⁵¹ That last definition, at sub-paragraph (e), inserted on 10 June 2014 by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014, covers any compound structurally derived from 1-benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran, 1H-indole, indoline, 1H-indene or indane "by substitution in the 6-membered ring with a 2-ethylamino substituent whether or not further substituted in the ring system to any extent with alkyl, alkoxy, halide or haloalkyl substituents and whether or not substituted in the ethylamino side-chain with one or more alkyl substituents".⁵¹ The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs proposed that Class B definition for the benzofuran series and records that differences in chemical structure place 5-APB, 6-APB and related compounds outside the Class A generic controls on phenethylamine derivatives.⁵⁷ Bromo-DragonFLY is (2R)-1-(4-bromofuro[2,3-f][1]benzofuran-8-yl)propan-2-amine, molecular formula C13H12BrNO2, a primary amine whose amino nitrogen carries no substituent, its ring system is a furo[2,3-f][1]benzofuran carrying no nitrogen atom, and its six-membered ring carries a bromine and a 2-aminopropyl side chain together with two furan rings fused to that ring rather than attached to it as univalent substituents.⁴³ Producing a controlled drug, or supplying or offering to supply one, otherwise than under regulations made under section 7 of the 1971 Act or provision made in a temporary class drug order by virtue of section 7A of that Act, is an offence under section 4 of that Act.⁵² The Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 reaches any substance capable of producing a psychoactive effect in a person who consumes it that is not an exempted substance.⁵³ Paragraph 1 of Schedule 1 to the 2016 Act exempts controlled drugs within the meaning of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, so a substance controlled under the 1971 Act falls outside the 2016 Act.⁵⁴ The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs reports that the clinical toxicology service at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust detected 14 novel psychoactive substances in patients presenting to hospital with acute recreational drug toxicity, among them Bromo-DragonFLY as an example of the benzodifurans.⁵⁶ Supplying, or offering to supply, a psychoactive substance to another person who is likely to consume it for its psychoactive effects is an offence under section 5 of the 2016 Act, subject to the exceptions in section 11.⁵⁵