AL-LAD

Analogue treatment remains fact- and context-dependent where applicable.

Austria names AL-LAD in no narcotics or psychotropic schedule. Suchtmittelgesetz § 2 makes a substance a Suchtgift only where a ministerial ordinance so designates it, and § 3 does the same for psychotropic substances; the Suchtgiftverordnung annexes name (+)-Lysergid, LSD, LSD-25 as their only lysergamide, and the Psychotropenverordnung annex names none. Control runs instead through item 11 of Anlage II to the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung, a class of 9,10-didehydro-ergoline-8-carboxamide compounds reaching every compound derivable from that base structure that carries one or more of the chemical structures listed in § 1(2) as a substituent at the amide nitrogen, the indole nitrogen, the amine nitrogen or the ergoline skeleton. AL-LAD is N,N-diethyl-6-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-9,10-didehydroergoline-8beta-carboxamide, so the two ethyl groups at its amide nitrogen and the prop-2-en-1-yl group at its ergoline amine nitrogen are alkyl and alkene substituents, both of them on the § 1(2) list, and Anlage III illustrates the same class with the lysergamides MIPLA, 1P-LSD, MLD-41 and 1cP-LSD. Under § 1(1) of that regulation every substance covered by an Anlage II chemical definition is a new psychoactive substance for the purposes of § 3 of the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz. Item 11 takes effect at the end of 18 April 2024, the day BGBl. II Nr. 106/2024 replaced Anlage II, whose preceding version ran only to item 10. Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz § 4(1) punishes producing, importing, exporting, transferring or procuring a covered substance with up to two years imprisonment where the person acts with intent to obtain an advantage and with intent that another person or a third party use it to achieve a psychoactive effect in the human body, and § 4(2) raises the range to one to ten years where the offence causes a death or serious injuries to a larger number of people. The Act states no standalone offence of possession for personal use, and § 5 allows confiscation even where no person can be prosecuted under § 4 unless the person entitled to dispose of the substance makes a lawful purpose credible and guarantees against psychoactive use. § 2 applies the Act only so far as the substance may not be placed on the market under medicines, pharmacy or medicinal-goods import law, and § 2(2) excludes substances subject to the Suchtmittelgesetz.

Canada controls LSD and its analogues through the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act; AL-LAD falls under analogue treatment rather than a separately named listing.

Denmark controls AL-LAD as a euphoriant substance, naming it as item 32 of Liste B in Bilag 1 to Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer (BEK nr. 405 af 26. marts 2026), an order in force since 29 March 2026.⁴⁸ Liste B substances may be used only for medical and scientific purposes, and their import, export, sale, purchase, supply, receipt, cultivation, manufacture, processing and possession are lawful only in accordance with that order, while contravention is punishable under § 3 and §§ 3 a to 3 d of lov om euforiserende stoffer and, in the circumstances set out in § 191 of the criminal code, under that provision.⁴⁸ AL-LAD entered Liste B as item 6 a through Bekendtgørelse nr. 965 af 25. august 2015, which took effect on 28 August 2015.⁴⁹

Prohibited under national drug control legislation.¹⁸

AL-LAD remains a designated drug in Japan under the PMD Act framework. The MHLW notice distinguishes promulgation on 28 February 2020 from entry into force on 9 March 2020; 9 March 2020 is the effective date. The ordinance specifies AL-LAD's exact chemical identity, while MHLW guidance describes the general prohibitions and authorized-use scope without imposing an unqualified ban on every use or circumstance.

AL-LAD is narkotika in Sweden.²⁸³⁰ Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika, in the consolidated text carrying amendments through HSLF-FS 2026:26, place 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD, also named AL-LAD and given the chemical name 6-allyl-N,N-dietyl-9,10-didehydroergolin-8-karboxamid, in Swedish förteckning I with a dash in the international column, so the control rests on Swedish law rather than on the 1961 narcotics convention or the 1971 psychotropic convention.²⁸ Förteckning I covers substances, plant material and fungi that normally have no medical use.²⁸ Läkemedelsverket draws up and publishes those lists under 3 § förordningen (1992:1554) om kontroll av narkotika.³⁰ The hallucinogens part of bilaga 1 to the same förordning names 6-allyl-N,N-dietyl-9,10-didehydroergolin-8-karboxamid (6-allyl-6-nor-LSD, AL-LAD), and 2 § provides that the substances in bilaga 1 count as narkotika under narkotikastrafflagen (1968:64).³⁰ Narkotikastrafflagen carries no schedule of its own: its 8 § defines narkotika as medicines or goods dangerous to health with dependence producing or euphoriant properties that are either under an international agreement Sweden has acceded to or declared narcotics by the Government.³¹ Läkemedelsverket added the substance to förteckning I through HSLF-FS 2015:35, decided on December 17, 2015 and in force from January 26, 2016.²⁹ Unlawful transfer, manufacture intended for misuse, acquisition for the purpose of transfer, handling not intended for own use, possession, use and other dealing with narkotika are narkotikabrott under 1 § narkotikastrafflagen, punishable by imprisonment for up to three years, and by six months to three years where the offender sells narkotika or otherwise handles narkotika intended for sale.³¹ A ringa narkotikabrott carries a fine or imprisonment for up to six months, a grovt narkotikabrott two to seven years, and a synnerligen grovt narkotikabrott six to ten years.³¹ Unlawful import and export are punished under lagen (2000:1225) om straff för smuggling.³¹

Prohibited under national drug control legislation since 8 March 2016, the date on which Council of Ministers Decision No. 2016/8548, taken on 16 February 2016, was published in the Resmî Gazete (No. 29647) and, by article 3 of its annexed decision, entered into force.³² Article 1 of that annexed decision subjects the substances in its annexed list to the provisions of Law No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Substances, acting under article 19 of that Law on the Ministry of Health's letter of 4 February 2016 no. 14776, and item 1 of the list is “AL-LAD kısa ismiyle bilinen 6-Allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide”. The list is a flat enumeration of six named substances with no salt, isomer, ester or preparation clause. The official consolidated text of Law No. 2313 records Decision No. 2016/8548 under article 19 as an instrument governing that article's application. Dealings in a narcotic or stimulant substance are offences under the Turkish Penal Code (Law No. 5237). Article 188(1) punishes manufacture, import or export without a licence or contrary to a licence with twenty to thirty years' imprisonment and a judicial fine of 2,000 to 20,000 days. Article 188(3) punishes selling, offering for sale, giving to another, dispatching, transporting, storing, purchasing, accepting or possessing such a substance inside the country without a licence or contrary to a licence with imprisonment of not less than ten years and a judicial fine of 1,000 to 20,000 days, and the prison sentence cannot fall below fifteen years where the substance is given or sold to a child. Article 188(6) applies the same paragraphs to any substance that produces a narcotic or stimulant effect and whose production requires official authorisation or whose sale depends on a prescription written by an authorised physician, with the penalty open to reduction by up to half. Article 190(1) punishes facilitating use by providing premises, equipment or materials, by taking measures that hinder the arrest of users, or by instructing others in methods of use, with five to ten years' imprisonment and a judicial fine of 1,000 to 10,000 days. Article 191(1) punishes purchasing, accepting or possessing a narcotic or stimulant substance for personal use, and using such a substance, with two to five years' imprisonment; the prosecutor defers the opening of a public case for five years, judicial supervision of at least one year applies during the deferral, and a suspect who breaches neither the obligations nor the prohibitions receives a decision that there are no grounds for prosecution. Penalties under articles 188(3) and 191(1) are increased by half where the conduct takes place in public or publicly accessible places within two hundred metres of schools, dormitories, hospitals, barracks, places of worship and similar buildings or facilities used for treatment, education, military or social purposes. Articles 188 and 191 stand as amended on 28 March 2023 by Law No. 7445.

Analogue treatment remains fact- and context-dependent where applicable.

AL-LAD is expressly listed in the annex to Valtioneuvoston asetus 1130/2014 as AL-LAD ((6aR,9R)-7-allyyli-N,N-dietyyli-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indoli[4,3-fg]kinoliini-9-karboksiamiini), the Finnish name of the compound written in English as (6aR,9R)-7-allyl-N,N-diethyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide,⁵⁰ and section 1 of decree 1130/2014 makes the annex substances the psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market. The entry entered that annex through the substitution made by Valtioneuvoston asetus 1129/2015, in force from 28 September 2015. The annex substituted by Valtioneuvoston asetus 166/2016, in force from 1 April 2016, carries the same entry.⁵⁰ Under section 5 of Huumausainelaki 373/2008, manufacture, import into Finland, storage, offering for sale, and supply of a consumer-market-banned psychoactive substance are prohibited. Section 23 b of the same Act allows a university, a scientific research institute, or a business operator to import and store such a substance for research or for justified industrial activity after notifying the Finnish Medicines Agency. The substance does not appear in annexes I to V of the narcotics decree 543/2008, so it is not a narcotic under Finnish law. The current annex applies from 10 July 2026 under Valtioneuvoston asetus 650/2026.

Current federal or national law provides the AL-LAD control mechanism in Germany; analogue treatment remains fact- and context-dependent where applicable.

Swissmedic warns that the list is a non-exhaustive aid and that the BetmVV-EDI tables are legally binding; the Swissmedic list nevertheless directly identifies AL-LAD.

The lists of narcotic substances, psychotropic substances and precursors controlled in Latvia are set out in Annex 2 to the law "Par Krimināllikuma spēkā stāšanās un piemērošanas kārtību", as the second paragraph of section 3 of the Narkotisko un psihotropo vielu un zāļu, kā arī prekursoru likumīgās aprites likums provides.²² The annex stands in the wording that took effect on 1 December 2025, and no Latvian list names AL-LAD: the lysergamides the annex names individually are the ergot medicines, ergometrine and ergotamine standing among the first-category precursors of List IV at subparagraphs 5 and 6 of point 18 of chapter V, beside lysergic acid itself at subparagraph 10, and those two together with methylergometrine and methysergide being withdrawn by name from the description in chapter II that carries the class.¹⁹ The provision that reaches lysergamides is subparagraph 21 of point 11 of chapter II, which carries List I, the prohibited especially dangerous narcotic substances, the psychotropic substances treated as equivalent to them and the plants whose illegal circulation and abuse endanger health, point 11 gathering the psychotropic substances that answer a description instead of naming them. It covers 4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide other than ergometrine, ergotamine, methylergometrine and methysergide, its enantiomers, and any compound derived from them at three positions, each of which may also be left unsubstituted: one or two hydrogen atoms on the amide nitrogen replaced by unsubstituted or substituted alkyl groups or by substituents that place that nitrogen in a ring, the hydrogen atom on the nitrogen of the hydrogenated quinoline ring replaced by an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, and the hydrogen atom on the indole nitrogen replaced by an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or acyl group.¹⁹ AL-LAD is that carboxamide and is none of the four excluded ergot medicines, it carries two ethyl groups on the amide nitrogen and leaves the indole nitrogen unsubstituted, and at the nitrogen of the hydrogenated quinoline ring it carries a prop-2-en-1-yl group, chemical registries recording it as 6-allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide, C22H27N3O.²⁰ The first and third positions are answered and the second is not: a prop-2-en-1-yl group is an alkenyl and not an alkyl substituent, and the annex names unsaturated groups where it means them, setting "alkenilēngrupu" beside "alkilēn-" at subparagraph 5 of point 11 in the one place it uses that vocabulary and admitting no monovalent alkenyl substituent anywhere, so AL-LAD falls outside the description.¹⁹ The fourth paragraph of section 1 of Krimināllikums provides that an act cannot be found criminal by applying the law by analogy, so the substituents the description names are not widened to take AL-LAD in.²¹ Latvian control is not confined to the lists themselves. Subparagraph 5 of the third paragraph of section 3 of the circulation law has since 1 June 2021 brought under control the derivatives, isomers, structural analogues, active metabolites, esters, ethers and salts of the narcotic and psychotropic substances included in Lists I, II and III, together with medicines containing those substances, where other legislation lays down no exception, and point 2 of chapter I of the annex extends the quantity divisions laid down for a listed substance to those same categories.²²¹⁹ Neither instrument defines struktūranalogs: the word stands eight times in the law and twice in the annex and in no definitional passage, while section 1 of the law defines its other terms one by one.²² Which compound counts as a structural analogue of which listed substance is settled in the individual case and recorded expressly. The annotations to the bills that amend Annex 2 name the compound and the listed substance it is treated as an analogue of, thiopental as an analogue of pentobarbital in List II, bromazolam as an analogue of alprazolam in List III, primidone as an analogue of phenobarbital and butorphanol as a derivative and analogue of levorphanol, on the assessment of the Slimību profilakses un kontroles centrs, its working group of chemistry experts and the Valsts policijas Kriminālistikas pārvalde, and the substance is then put into a list by name so that the law is applied unambiguously and simply. No determination of that kind names AL-LAD or any lysergamide.²⁵ The second paragraph of section 4 of the circulation law separately empowers the Slimību profilakses un kontroles centrs to prohibit or restrict, for up to twelve months and by a decision that takes effect the day after its publication in the official gazette Latvijas Vēstnesis, the manufacture, acquisition, use, storage, transport, conveyance or distribution of new psychoactive substances that are not in the controlled lists, unauthorised handling of such a substance carrying a warning or a fine of ten to fifty-six units under section 49.²² The gazette holds the whole record of decisions taken under that power: fifty-eight, published between 15 November 2013 and 10 December 2024, each naming a single substance, and none of them names AL-LAD or any lysergamide.²⁷ The two most recent, of 4 and 8 December 2024, ran until 1 December 2025, so no prohibition under that power stands.²⁶ Were AL-LAD put into a Latvian list, or determined to be a structural analogue of a substance in one, the annex would fix its quantity divisions and sections 253, 253.1 and 253.2 of Krimināllikums would govern the conduct: unauthorised manufacture, acquisition, storage, transport or conveyance without intent to supply carries up to three years of imprisonment, short-term imprisonment, probation supervision, community service or a fine, and three to ten years where a group acting by prior agreement is involved or the quantity is large; the same acts for the purpose of supply and supply itself carry two to eight years, three to ten years for a group acting by prior agreement and five to fifteen years for an organised group, a large quantity, serious consequences or supply to a minor; and acquisition or storage of a small quantity without intent to supply, as well as use, are punishable where the person has been warned about criminal liability for such conduct.²¹ Structural analogues entered Latvian control law on 1 June 2015, when paragraph 2.4 of Ministru kabineta noteikumi Nr. 847 changed from the derivatives, isomers, esters, ethers and salts of the substances in Lists I to III to their derivatives, isomers, structural analogues, esters, ethers and salts; that regulation also named lysergide itself, as "(+)- lizergīds LSD, LSD-25", CAS 50-37-3, under the chemical name (6aR,9R)-N,N-dietil-7-metil-4,6,6a,7,8,9-heksahidroindolo-[4,3-fg]hinolīn-9-karboksamīds, whose substituent at the nitrogen of the hydrogenated quinoline ring is the methyl group that AL-LAD replaces.²⁴ The regulation lost force on 1 June 2021, the day the analogue category entered the statute, and the bounded three-limb description now in the annex was inserted by the amending law of 9 February 2017, which struck the individually named lysergide entry at subparagraph 1 of point 8.2 of chapter II, added the group at subparagraph 22 of point 8.5 with the figures 0.001 g and 0.002 g, and restated the annex's analogue quantity bridge in the same instrument, all with effect from 17 March 2017.²³