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These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Psychological dependence can develop with regular use. Compulsive redosing has been reported as a notable effect. Abuse potential exists, particularly in individuals with a history of substance use disorders, with studies showing eszopiclone produces effects similar to diazepam at supratherapeutic doses. Use beyond short-term periods is generally not recommended.
Physical dependence develops after a few weeks of regular dosing. Withdrawal symptoms or rebound effects occur following abrupt cessation and can persist for extended periods if not properly managed through gradual tapering. Cross-tolerance exists with benzodiazepines, and transitioning to a longer-acting benzodiazepine for tapering is recommended to avoid severe withdrawal.
Eszopiclone appears to have low toxicity relative to dose when used alone. Overdoses up to 90 times the recommended dose have been reported with full patient recovery. Fatalities have occurred only in cases where eszopiclone was combined with other drugs or alcohol.
| Species | Route | Value |
|---|---|---|
| rat | oral | 980 mg/kg |
| rabbit | oral | 3200 mg/kg |
A meta-analysis found a 44% higher rate of mild infections such as pharyngitis or sinusitis in users of eszopiclone and other hypnotic drugs compared to placebo; this appears to be a class effect of sedative-hypnotics rather than specific to eszopiclone.
Hallucinations, delusions, and delirium can occur, particularly at doses exceeding recommended amounts or when users resist the urge to sleep. Visual phenomena including shadow people and auditory hallucinations are reported at higher doses, with effects described as similar to but less pronounced than those of deliriants.
Eszopiclone represents the isolated S-stereoisomer of zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone sedative-hypnotic that had been available in Europe since 1989. The development of eszopiclone as a distinct pharmaceutical product was undertaken by Sepracor, who marketed the compound under the brand name Lunesta.…
Available as a prescription medication under the brand name Lunesta. Marketing authorization was granted in October 2020. Requires a prescription for lawful possession.
Classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Approved by the FDA on December 15, 2004 for the treatment of insomnia. The scheduling reflects recognized abuse potential comparable to benzodiazepines. Possession without a valid prescription may result in drug charges.
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