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Long-lasting residual stimulation and difficulty sleeping commonly reported, potentially persisting into subsequent days depending on dosage and time of administration.
These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
DOI is not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
No documented physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms have been reported.
The exact toxic dose is unknown. DOI is a research chemical with very limited history of human usage, and its toxicity has not been studied in any scientific context.
Cardiovascular effects including elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, and vasoconstriction have been reported, particularly at higher doses; severe vasoconstriction may develop several hours into intoxication and in extreme overdose cases may require medical intervention to prevent hypertensive emergency.
At high doses, psychosis, bizarre delusional behavior, and paranoia may occur. Frequent use carries risk of reality distortion which may manifest as anxiety states or schizophrenic traits. DOI can trigger latent psychoses. The extended duration contributes to sleep deprivation, and stimulant psychosis symptoms may surface during the comedown, particularly around the 16-24 hour mark.
Seizures are rarely observed but may occur in those predisposed to them, especially in physically taxing conditions such as dehydration, undernourishment, overheating, or fatigue. At appropriately high doses, seizure risk increases.
DOI was first synthesized and described in the scientific literature by Ronald Coutts and Jerry Malicky in 1973. The compound later received more detailed documentation, including its psychoactive effects in humans, when Alexander Shulgin included it in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have
Sources conflict on current status. One source indicates DOI is controlled, noting it has been found on blotter sold as LSD. Another source states it is not listed in the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP). Caution advised regarding current legal status.
Listed as a controlled substance on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, production, and sale are prohibited.
Added to the list of Schedule I controlled substances on April 8, 2007, alongside 2C-E, 2C-P, and DOC.
Controlled under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law as a Designated Substance. Possession and sale are prohibited.
Controlled under the catch-all Analogues section in Schedule 3 (Class C) of New Zealand's drug laws, which covers structural analogs of scheduled substances.
Considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of α-Methylphenethylamine under Verzeichnis E point 130. Legal when used for scientific or industrial purposes.
Prohibited under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016, which came into effect on May 26, 2016. Production, supply, and import are illegal.
Controlled as a Schedule I substance under Florida state law, separate from federal scheduling.
Prohibited under the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (New Psychoactive Substances Act). Possession, production, and sale are illegal.
Controlled as of October 12, 2016 under a broad definition covering 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine derivatives. This includes most 2C compounds, DOx series, and related phenethylamines.
Controlled under Anlage II of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Narcotics Act, Schedule II) as of December 13, 2014. Manufacturing, possession, import, export, purchase, sale, procurement, or dispensing without a license is illegal.
Classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under national drug legislation.
Classified as a Schedule I substance as of August 30, 2007, published by the Medical Products Agency in regulation LVFS 2007:10.
Classified as a controlled drug. Possession, production, supply, and import are prohibited.
Not federally scheduled. However, it would likely be considered an analog of DOB, meaning sales for human consumption or possession with intent to ingest could be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act. DOI is regularly used in animal and in vitro research, which has been cited as a reason against scheduling.
12 sources cited