white → yellow2 → brown1
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2-FA
2-Fluoroamphetamine
2-FA is a synthetic stimulant of the substituted amphetamine class, distinguished by a fluorine atom at the 2-position of the amphetamine structure.citation needed It first emerged on the online research chemical market in the 2010s as part of a series of fluorinated amphetamine analogs. Among these, 2-FA is regarded as the most closely resembling conventional amphetamine in its subjective effects and is frequently compared to dextroamphetamine. It is considered habit-forming.
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Threshold~5 mg
Light5-15 mg
Moderate15-30 mg
Strong30-50 mg
Heavy50+ mg
Duration
Onset15-30 minutes
Come Up15-30 minutes
Peak1-2 hours
Offset1-1.5 hours
After Effects2-12 hours
Total2-4 hours
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
The experience is that of a classical stimulant: elevated mood, increased energy and alertness, heightened sociability, and a reduced need for food and sleep. 2-FA is frequently described as a smoother, more functional alternative to amphetamine, with a comparatively clear headspace and a gentler comedown that makes it amenable to productivity-oriented use. Sensory alteration is largely absent at common doses, though visual and auditory hallucinations have been reported, typically in the context of high doses or extended sleep deprivation.
Physical
Physical effects center on stimulation and wakefulness, accompanied by appetite suppression, sweating, jaw tension, and occasional itchiness. Disturbed sleep is common in the hours following use, and repeated use can lead to weight loss.
Uncomfortable
Cognitive
The headspace is energetic and talkative, marked by euphoria, mood lift, and enhanced sociability. As the effects wear off or with repeated use, this can give way to moodiness, irritability, and aggressiveness.
Social
Emotional
The emotional tone is predominantly positive during the experience, with negative shifts more likely during the offset or with repeated use.
Visual
Visual effects are not characteristic of ordinary use; hallucinations are associated with high doses and sleep deprivation.
Auditory
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
2-FA has not been formally studied to the same extent as traditional amphetamines. Based on its structural similarity to other substituted amphetamines with comparable substitution patterns, it is thought to act primarily as a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This would involve binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally clear dopamine and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft, allowing these neurotransmitters to accumulate to elevated levels in the brain.citation needed
Pharmacokinetics
There have been no studies on the pharmacokinetic profile of 2-FA and the metabolism of 2-FA is unknown.
Metabolitesnone documented yet
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Full Tolerance
With prolonged repeated 2-FA use, many effects may weaken, causing users to need larger amounts for comparable results. 2-FA and 2-FMA have been observed to share cross-tolerance, similar to the relationship between amphetamine and methamphetamine.
Baseline Reset
1-10 days
Half Tolerance
3-7 days
Cross Tolerance
Dopaminergic stimulants, MDMA, because its full euphoric effect depends on dopamine and norepinephrine, 2-FMA
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
ModerateWith ongoing use, 2-FA may be moderately addictive and carries a substantial risk of abuse; some users can develop psychological dependence. Compulsive redosing has also been reported, and cravings may occur after sudden discontinuation.
Physical
LowWithdrawal effects may occur when dependence has developed and use is suddenly stopped, though specific physical withdrawal symptoms are not well characterized for this compound.
Toxicity
Cardiovascular
Acute cardiovascular stimulation including increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, abnormal heartbeat, and vasoconstriction occurs during intoxication; long-term cardiovascular effects have not been studied in any scientific context.
Psychosis Risk
Abuse of amphetamine-class compounds at high dosages for prolonged periods can result in stimulant psychosis presenting with paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions.citation needed Reviews of amphetamine-induced psychosis indicate that approximately 5-15% of affected users may not fully recover, though antipsychotic medications are effective for acute episodes.1
Seizure Risk
Seizures are listed as a possible adverse effect, though specific incidence data for 2-FA is not available. Risk may be elevated in combination with other seizure-threshold-lowering substances.
History & Culture
2-Fluoroamphetamine emerged on the online research chemical market during the 2010s as part of a broader wave of fluorinated amphetamine derivatives. This family of compounds includes 2-FMA, 3-FA, 3-FEA, and 4-FA, which are positional isomers differing in the placement of the fluorine atom on the…
Legality
By Country
Illegal6
CanadaSchedule I (by analogue)Considered a Schedule I controlled substance as an analogue of amphetamine under Canadian drug scheduling legislation.10
ChinaIllegal《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品目录》（2025年版，公安部来源；2026年7月1日增列公告修订），《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》（2015年10月1日起施行），《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》（2024年12月6日修订版），《中华人民共和国禁毒法》，《中华人民共和国刑法》第347、348、357条，以及《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第84条（2026年北京公安裁量基准所引）。23456789
The Shenzhen Public Security Bureau's 17 July 2026 controlled-drug directory (stated current as of 1 July 2026) reproduces the 2025 non-medicinal directory and expressly lists 2-FA as item 12, while separately listing 2-FMA as item 13. The 2026 three-department announcement added 16 other substances effective 1 July 2026; it does not replace the 2-FA entry. The current State Council regulation defines controlled narcotic/psychotropic substances by directory inclusion and states that non-medicinal controlled substances may be used only for approved research under the regulation and may not be produced, operated, used, stored or transported; the 2015 implementing measure also expressly prohibited production, sale, transport, use, storage and import/export. The Anti-Drug Law and Criminal Law define drugs to include other state-controlled addictive narcotic and psychotropic substances. Criminal Law article 347 provides conduct- and quantity-dependent penalties for smuggling, selling, transporting or manufacturing drugs, beginning at up to three years for small quantities and reaching 15 years, life imprisonment or death plus confiscation in aggravated cases; article 348 addresses illegal possession. Article 84 of the national Public Security Administration Punishments Law, as reproduced in Beijing's 2026 police guidance, provides 10–15 days' detention and up to RMB 3,000 fine for illegal possession, provision or use of drugs, with lesser-case alternatives. These penalties are not a 2-FA-specific sentencing prediction.
FinlandIllegalValtioneuvoston asetus huumausaineina pidettävistä aineista, valmisteista ja kasveista (543/2008), as amended by 153/2025 (Appendix II) and 651/2026; Huumausainelaki (Narcotics Act) 373/2008, as amended by 1127/2014, sections 3 and 5; Rikoslaki (Criminal Code) 39/1889, Chapter 50, sections 1 and 2.1718192021222324
NIH PubChem CID 121531 identifies 2-Fluoroamphetamine as 1-(2-fluorophenyl)propan-2-amine and lists 2-FA, o-fluoro-alpha-methylphenethylamine and CAS 1716-60-5 as synonyms. Finlex’s official 153/2025 amendment replaces Appendix II and took effect on 25 April 2025; its List I text expressly includes 2-Fluoriamfetamiini (2-FA) with the o-fluoro-α-methylphenethylamine designation. The latest amendment to Decree 543/2008, 651/2026, took effect on 10 July 2026 and amends only Appendices I, III and IV (not Appendix II), so the Appendix II entry remains the current schedule basis as of 28 August 2026. Narcotics Act 373/2008 section 3(1)(5)(b) covers 1971 Convention Lists I–IV, section 3(2) provides that the detailed substances are set by Government decree, and section 5 prohibits the listed handling activities subject to statutory exceptions. Criminal Code Chapter 50 section 1 provides a fine or imprisonment of at most two years for illegal manufacture, import/export/transport, distribution or possession/acquisition of a narcotic drug; section 2 provides imprisonment of one to ten years for an aggravated narcotics offence when one of the listed aggravating circumstances applies and the offence is aggravated as a whole. Penalties are conduct-specific and do not mean that every possession or use receives the maximum sentence. No separate Finnish medicine authorization for 2-FA is established by the available legal provisions; those provisions establish narcotics scheduling and criminal provisions, not a medicine marketing authorization.
NetherlandsIllegalDutch prohibited-NPS list and Opium Act framework27
2-FA is included on the prohibited-NPS list, rather than separately named in an Opiumwet entry.
TurkeyIllegalBakanlar Kurulu Kararı 2013/5742, Bazı Maddelerin 2313 Sayılı Uyuşturucu Maddelerin Murakabesi Hakkında Kanun Hükümlerine Tabi Tutulması Hakkında Karar (16 December 2013; published 25 January 2014, Official Gazette No. 28893), Annex 2 item 45, bringing 2-FA under Law No. 2313; current criminal controls are Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 (TCK) Articles 188 and 191.1213141516
The official Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü/TUBİM Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu 2014 identifies Bakanlar Kurulu Decision 2013/5742 in EK-2. The decision is dated 16 December 2013 and was published on 25 January 2014 in Official Gazette No. 28893; item 45 expressly reads '2. 2-FA ... 1-(2-fluorophenyl)propan-2-amine'. Decision 2013/5742 brings 2-FA under Law No. 2313. Under the current Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Başkanlığı mandate, necessary new psychoactive substances are brought under Law No. 2313 through the EWS process, and the generic-classification system brings many synthetic derivatives under the law. The official 2025 Türkiye Drug Report states that 1,078 NPS had been brought under Law No. 2313 by 31 July 2025 and that generic classification had been used since 2015. Under the TCK, Article 188(1) sets 20–30 years plus a judicial fine for unauthorized manufacture, import, export, or transport; Article 188(3) sets at least 10 years plus a judicial fine for unauthorized domestic sale, offer, giving, dispatch, transport, storage, purchase, acceptance, or possession, and at least 15 years where the recipient is a child; Article 188(4)(a) expressly names amphetamine and derivatives; and Article 191(1) sets 2–5 years for purchase, acceptance, possession for use, or use, with the postponement and probation framework in Article 191(2)–(3).
United KingdomClass AControlled as a Class A substance under the amphetamine analogue clause of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.35 Class A classification carries the most severe penalties under UK drug law.
Controlled / restricted4
GermanyControlled (NpSG)
New ZealandSchedule 3Controlled as a Schedule 3 substance due to classification as an amphetamine analogue under New Zealand drug law.28
SwitzerlandRestrictedVerordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien (BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11), consolidated stand 13 March 2026, Annex 6 (Verzeichnis e), item 12; Verordnung über die Betäubungsmittelkontrolle (BetmKV, SR 812.121.1), Articles 3(2)(e), 5(2) and 11(1); Bundesgesetz über die Betäubungsmittel und die psychotropen Stoffe (BetmG, SR 812.121), Articles 7(1) and 20(1)(c).29303132
The current consolidated BetmVV-EDI expressly names 2-FA and supplies its chemical designation in Annex 6 item 12. BetmVV-EDI Articles 1(2)(a) and 2(2) make Annex 1–6 entries controlled substances and place Verzeichnis e in Annex 6. BetmKV Article 3(2)(e) subjects Verzeichnis-e entries to the control measures applicable to Verzeichnis-a narcotics, while Article 5(2) assigns operating permits for handling Verzeichnis-e substances to the EDI and Article 11(1) requires an operating permit for listed handling activities including manufacture, obtaining, brokering, import/export, supply and trade. BetmG Article 7(1) requires EDI authorization and compliance with its conditions for cultivating, manufacturing, importing, exporting, storing, using or placing Article 7 materials/products into circulation; Article 20(1)(c) provides up to three years' imprisonment or a monetary penalty for specified unauthorized conduct involving Article 7 substances and products. The applicable rules establish a permit-based restricted classification: 2-FA is not in Verzeichnis d, and not every possible act is categorically prohibited. The current item-12 text contains no separate 2-FA-specific exemption.
Not scheduled1
FranceNot scheduled (grey area)As of December 2024, not explicitly scheduled under French law. Possession is not specifically prohibited but the substance operates in a legal grey area.11
References
Source Pages
Citations
Further Reading
Cayman Chemical - 2-Fluoroamphetamine datasheet- Cayman Chemical – 2-Fluoroamphetamine datasheet
Discrimination of Fluoroamphetamine Regioisomers by Raman Spectroscopy (2016)
Fluoroamphetamine assay validation (J Anal Toxicol 2017)
Fluoroamphetamine assay validation (J Anal Toxicol 2017)
INCB Technical Report on illicit-lab precursors (2017)- LC-MS/MS oral-fluid method including 2-FA (Anal Chim Acta 2019)
LC–MS/MS oral-fluid method including 2-FA (Anal Chim Acta 2019)- PubChem: CID 121531
Reddit: r/researchchemicals - 2-FA is actually great (2025)- Reddit: r/researchchemicals - Recreational dose discussion (2019)
- Smart - Fluorine substituent effects on bioactivity (J Fluorine Chem 2001)
Article Status
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